Under the new ("foreign") Bulgarian administration the Turkish intellectuals felt the need to communicate the new laws and regulations to the Turkish population by first providing translations of the Bulgarian State Gazette. [64] As Russian forces and Bulgarian volunteers pushed south in January 1878 they inflicted a welter of atrocities on the local Muslim population. In 2001, there were also about 10,000 Christian Turks, but unlike the Bulgarians, they are split nearly evenly among Orthodox, Catholics, and Protestants. [117] The killed were from the villages of Kayaloba, Kitna and Mogiljane. After 415 editions the newspaper ended its operations, however on 13 October 1908 the publications of Tuna resumed after a group of intellectual Turks established a separate company designated to meet the needs for a Turkish daily newspaper in the region. (Hebreu). published. The motivation of the 1984 assimilation campaign was unclear; however, many experts believed that the disproportion between the birth rates of the Turks and the Bulgarians was a major factor. By Moslem law all land was owned by God but after the abolition of feudalism in the 1830s use of that land conferred temporary wardship upon the user, and thus the tithe which had been the main levy on land until 1882 conformed to traditional Moslem codes of thought and practice. Numerous Turkish colonists were settled as farmers in new villages. [118][119] In demonstrations in Momchilgrad at least one 16-year-old youngster was shot and killed and there are reports of casualties also in Dzhebel. The Bulgarian police and security forces were prepared and awaiting with some 500 armed men in position. In 1991 a new law gave anyone affected by the name-changing campaign three years to officially restore original names and the names of children born after the name change. Bergsfield, NJ, Avotaynu, 2006. At the 2009 European Parliament elections the party won 14.1% of the vote and 3 MEPs out of 18. People from smaller towns and villages attempted to march and enter larger towns and villages to find a government official with greater jurisdiction who would be able to explain why the Turks were being targeted and when they would be able to reinstate their Turkish names and receive back their original identification documents. [49] This migration of Anatolian Turks to Dobruja and their mystic leader Sari Saltik is also described in the works of Ibn Battuta and Evliya Çelebi. Following the First World War the Bulgarian government provided financial assistance to the Turkish schools and their number grew to 1,712 with 60,481 pupils. According to the historian Halil Inalcik, the Ottomans ensured significa… Until the very end of the Ottoman state the master builders maintained a cultural equilibrium between the Ottoman spirit and architectural innovation both in the Balkans and Anatolia. К. Димитровъ, Прѣселение на селджукски турци въ Добруджа около срѣдата на XIII вѣкъ, стр. Divrei Yemei Togarma. [154], Over 3200 locations in Bulgaria are also known by some Turks in their Turkish names.[155]. Records show that by the end of the 14th century, Muslim Turks formed the absolute majority in large urban towns in Upper Thrace such as Plovdiv (Filibe) and Pazardzhik (Tatar Pazarcik). This community is of Turkish ethnic consciousness and differs from the majority Bulgarian ethnicity and the rest of the Bulgarian nation by its own language, religion, culture, customs, and traditions. Alternate transcription of Bulgarian Божидар (see BOZHIDAR ). The Bulgarian name system has considerable similarities with most other European name systems, and with those of other Slavic peoples such as the Russian name system, though it has certain unique features.. Bulgarian names usually consist of a given name, which comes first, a patronymic, which is second (and is usually omitted when referring to the person), and a family name, which comes last. Some of the security forces opened fire directly at the villagers and several civilians were wounded and killed. After the departure of the Russians in the spring of 1879 the administration in Plovdiv ordered to enforce court decisions returning land to the Turks. [86] In 1875 some 50% of the land in Rumelia was owned by Turks. During the protests in May, the Turkish population effectively abandoned their workplaces in the industrial and agricultural sector. After the fall of Zhivkov in 1989, the National Assembly of Bulgaria passed laws to restore the cultural rights of the Turkish population. Bulgarians came to be seen as occupiers and oppressors and protest demonstrations took place in some of the bigger villages in the southern and northern Turk enclaves. A convention signed between Bulgaria and Turkey in 1925 allowed the emigration of approximately 700,000 Turks from Bulgaria to Turkey up to 1940.[81]. "Language and identity in the Middle East and North Africa ", Cornwall, Great Britain 1996, pp.102–103, Glenn E. Curtis, ed. Daily editions were published until the eruption of the Balkan Wars in 1912. [58] [142], Bulgarian nationalist forces tried to take advantage of the country's hard economic and uncertain political conditions. This pattern repeated in many areas in Bulgaria populated with Turks. This is considered the main difference between the Turkish and the rest of the population in Bulgaria, especially the dominant Bulgarian ethnic group from which 95% declare Orthodox Christian identity on the census. The electricity to the village was cut. [55] For these reasons it is unclear to which extent this group is connected with today's Turkish inhabitants of the region. Distribution of the Bulgarian Turks by province, according to the 2011 Bulgarian census: Islamic identity remains strong and over 95% of the Turkish ethnic group identify as Muslim on the census. A census of Belgrad, Serbia, Jewry from 1856 based on Tagger & Kerem, 1. The Turks form 74% of the Muslim community in Bulgaria, with most other Muslims being Pomaks. According to the 2011 census in Bulgaria, there are 588,318 persons from the Turkish ethnic group or 8.8% of all ethnic groups,[32] of whom 564,858 pointed Turkish as their mother tongue. In 1991 the Popov government took initial steps in this direction, but long delays brought massive Turkish protests, especially in Kurdzhali. Kehilat Monastir (Bitola), Makedonia; Ir Yehudit atika sheyehudim thi cv- esh Known contributors in Terbiye Ocağı were Osman Nuri Peremeci, Hafız Abdullah Meçik, Hasip Ahmet Aytuna, Mustafa Şerif Alyanak, Mehmet Mahsum, Osmanpazarli Ibrahim Hakki Oğuz, Ali Avni, Ebuşinasi Hasan Sabri, Hüseyin Edip and Tayyarzade Cemil Bey. The Ottoman army has also been accused of attacking Muslim non-combatants and using refugees to shield their retreat. [65] NYT 23 November 1877. ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В БРОЯ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ В СЪСТАВА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ, "Население по етническа група и майчин език", "York Consortium on International and Security Studies", "The Roma of Bulgaria : A Pariah Minority", "Маева, М. Българските турци-преселници в Р Турция (култура и идентичност). To calm Bulgarian concerns, the MRF categorically renounced Islamic fundamentalism, terrorism, and ambitions for autonomy within Bulgaria.[151].