The outlook for Laos as it moved into the 21st century was relatively positive. Les colonisateurs ne remettent jamais en cause la présence du roi dans son palais de Luang Prabang. In its place were three (four with Xieng Khuang) weak regional kingdoms, none of which was able to withstand the growing power of the Tai-Syam kingdom of Ayutthaya. Vientiane also paid tribute to Vietnam. The annual rocket festival, held to encourage a copious monsoon, was cancelled. We know that at this time Viang Chan was tributary to Sukhothai, and it may well be that Xiang Dong Xiang Thong was too. For the next three years the French worked to make up for their previous neglect.

Le 2 Décembre 1975, le roi a été forcé d'abdiquer son trône et la République démocratique populaire lao a été créé. As control of the plain would enable the US to threaten North Vietnam, Hanoi moved to prevent this – first by driving out Kong Le’s neutralists; then by turning their attention to the CIA-trained Hmong ‘secret army’ still supplied by the US in the mountains surrounding the plain. However unlike Vietnam the people of Laos were influenced by Indian rather than Chinese culture. Previously Lao communists had been members of the Indochinese Communist Party, but in 1951 the ICP was disbanded and separate parties established for each state.

12 000 enfants fréquentent des écoles primaires où l'enseignement est donné en français.
It was over 60 years before another great Lao king came to the throne, a period of division, succession disputes and intermittent Burmese domination. Finally, at the beginning of the 80’s, Laos distanced themselves from stringent communism, and little by little reintegrated the international scene and in 1991 rejoined the ‘Chaillot’, French speaking countries. Within months, however, cracks began to appear in the façade of the coalition. De 1828-1830 plus de 66.000 personnes ont été déplacées de force de Vientiane . In Luang Prabang, Savannakhet and Pakse town planning and services were slow to be introduced. Souphanouvong was president of the Front, while Kaysone was secretary-general of the Party. Grandes tribus de Lao Theung , comme le Brao , procéderaient raids d'esclaves contre les tribus les plus faibles. 2018 France’s grasp on Laos first slipped in 1945, when the Japanese occupied Laos in the closing days of World War II. The first thing Pathet Lao leaders did was to establish a Lao Marxist political party. Relations with Bangkok were bumpy at times, but Thailand was a principal source of foreign direct investment. The outbreak of war in Europe weakened the French position in Indochina. A Siamese army under Taksin routed the Burmese in 1778, placing what is now Laos under more direct Siamese control. At the Geneva Conference of 1954, the representatives of the Laotian government and of Laos's communist army, the Pathet Lao, acted more as observers than participants. À la suite de Vientiane destruction du siamois divisé les Lao terres en trois régions administratives.

La preuve de la présence humaine moderne dans les régions montagneuses du centre et du nord de l' Indochine , qui constituent les territoires des dates laotiens État-nation moderne remontent au paléolithique inférieur . Despite French plans for economic exploitation, Laos was always a drain on the budget of Indochina. Siam a réagi en niant français intérêts commerciaux, qui en 1893 avait de plus en plus impliqués gesticulations militaires et la diplomatie de la canonnière . As they took up residence in the downtown area, near the Mekong, Lao villagers were pushed out. En novembre, le roi est fait prisonnier dans son propre palais. It soon became clear that the Pathet Lao was unified, coordinated and following a well-thought-out plan, formulated at the 1972 Second Congress of the Lao (LPRP). Hundreds of these inmates remained in re-education camps for several years. Parties were founded immediately in Vietnam and Cambodia, but there were so few Lao members that it took time to recruit enough to constitute a party. Dans le cas contraire, selon Martin Stuart-Fox , le Laos pourrait bien avoir perdu le contrôle de leur propre pays. Smuggling of timber and wildlife threatens declared ‘bio-diversity areas’ (national parks where some people still live). Laos was more and more implicated in the Vietnamese conflict. The Hmong made up an ethnic group that had originated in China and lived in the remote mountains of Laos, often in extreme poverty, and had a history of evading authority.

(...), Lao silk is a wild silk, and is defined by its exclusively hand-made method of manufacture.

La CIA américaine enrôla massivement les Hmongs, dirigés par le général Vang Pao, dans ses forces spéciales. To counter pan-Tai propaganda from Bangkok, the French encouraged Lao nationalism. The first Lao kingdom, called Lan Xang or “land of the million elephants,” was founded by Fa Ngum in 1353. À partir de mars 1946, les Français, épaulés par les hommes du prince Boun Oum, reprennent progressivement pied au Laos, et le gouvernement nationaliste doit se réfugier en Thaïlande, tandis que le roi est remis sur le trône de Luang Prabang. The village was at a crossroads of three highways leading in from Vietnam: the Mu Gia Pass, the Ban Karai Pass, and the Barthelme Pass. En août 1950, Souphanouvong fonde, avec le soutien du Việt Minh, le gouvernement provisoire du Pathet Lao. Par ailleurs, il pouvait trouver un recours dans le jeu d'influence respectif que les grandes familles entretenaient entre elles ou par l'intermédiaire d'une pression morale de la pagode. When this was terminated, the economy collapsed. Why Laos Has Been Bombed More Than Any Other Country. His grandson, Setthathirat, married a Lanna princess and briefly ruled over both kingdoms.

Chiang Mai became tributary to Siam. En 1960 , le capitaine Kong Le mis en scène un coup lorsque le cabinet était absent à la capitale royale de Luang Prabang et a exigé la réforme d'un gouvernement neutraliste. Entre juillet 97 et fin 98, le kip laotien est passé de 900 kips à 4200 kips pour un dollar, il a également perdu la moitié de sa valeur par rapport au baht thaïlandais. Corruption remains a major problem. Laos existe sous forme tronquée du XIIIe siècle Lao royaume de Lan Xang . Le ressentiment populaire contre le tatouage forcé et l' augmentation des impôts est devenu casus belli pour la rébellion. J.-C., sont édifiés dans la région de Xieng Khouang des mégalithes qui prennent la forme de jarres géantes, de menhirs ou de cromlechs. Les suivantes Austro - Asiatiques et austronésiennes vagues de migration marines touchées enclavée du Laos que de façon marginale et le contact culturel chinois et indien directe a eu un impact plus important sur le pays. The Khmer gave Fa Ngum a Khmer princess and an army, and sent him north to wrest the middle Mekong from the control of Sukhothai, and so divert and weaken the Tai-Syam kingdom. Les politiques du gouvernement ont incité environ 10 pour cent de la population lao de quitter le pays.