This poster reflects that resolve. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, and Mary Church Terrell), signed the call, which was released on the centennial of Lincoln’s birth. Yanker Poster Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (116.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP It was originally called the National Negro Committee. The 1968 Fair Housing Act banned discrimination in the sale and rental of 80 percent of housing. He was convicted at a third trial in 1994. . Robert Moses of SNCC served as director and Aaron Henry of the NAACP as president. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (112.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP In the 1990s, the NAACP struggled to find a leader who could replace the prolific Dr. Hooks. Ruby Hurley (1909–1980) was born in Washington, D.C., where she attended Miner Teachers College and Robert H. Terrell Law School. Page 2 - Page 3 - Page 4 - Page 5 - Page 6. Pohlhaus served as the Bureau’s only counsel and Clarence Mitchell’s key legislative assistant. White, a friend and adviser to First Lady – and NAACP national board member – Eleanor Roosevelt, met with her often in attempt to convince President Franklin D. Roosevelt to outlaw job discrimination in the armed forces, defense industries, and the agencies created by the New Deal. The NAACP and labor groups opposed the nomination because of the judge’s negative record on civil rights and labor unions. This pamphlet recounts the beginning of the student sit-in movement organized by NAACP youth councils. In 1972 President Nixon appointed Carter to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, where he still presides as judge. [Digital ID # na0115], Bookmark this item: //www.loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/the-civil-rights-era.html#obj18. The fledgling organization also learned to harness the power of publicity through its 1915 battle against D. W. Griffith’s inflammatory Birth of a Nation, a motion picture that perpetuated demeaning stereotypes of African Americans and glorified the Ku Klux Klan. https://t.co/16r56yx1gn, This is another example of blatant #votersuppression! Other early members included Joel and Arthur Spingarn, Josephine Ruffin, Mary Talbert, Inez Milholland, Jane Addams, Florence Kelley, Sophonisba Breckinridge, John Haynes Holmes, Mary McLeod Bethune, George Henry White, Charles Edward Russell, John Dewey, William Dean Howells, Lillian Wald, Charles Darrow, Lincoln Steffens, Ray Stannard Baker, Fanny Garrison Villard, and Walter Sachs. He succeeded Walter White as NAACP executive secretary in 1955. Rafael Medina, The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, 202.869.0398, [email protected] In 1943 she was named national youth secretary. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, Moorfield Storey and Ida B. Senator Walter Mondale to NAACP Executive Director Roy Wilkins acknowledging the NAACP’s appreciation of his support of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, August 17, 1965. The Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization, was formed in 1963 at the request of President John F. Kennedy to involve the private bar in providing legal services to address racial discrimination. Daisy Bates, publisher of The Arkansas State Press and president of the Arkansas State Conference of NAACP Branches, led the NAACP’s campaign to desegregate the public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. In 1951 he moved to Washington and joined the Department of Justice as an attorney in the Civil Rights Section. Ruby Hurley, Youth Secretary of NAACP, between 1943 and 1950. Frank Johnson Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (108.00.00) Pamphlet. During her tenure the number of youth units grew from 86 to 280. From bold investigations of mob brutality, protests of mass murders, segregation and discrimination, to testimony before congressional committees on the vicious tactics used to bar African Americans from the ballot box, it was the talent and tenacity of NAACP members that saved lives and made change. The Supreme Court bundled Brown v. Board of Education with four related cases and scheduled a hearing for December 9, 1952. For more information on The Leadership Conference and its member organizations, visit www.civilrights.org. The Leadership Conference works toward an America as good as its ideals. Photograph. 212.681.1380, [email protected] 250,000 participants on the Mall heading for the Lincoln Memorial in the March on Washington, August 28, 1963. Earl Warren’s reading copy of the Brown v. Board opinion, May 17, 1954. A respected journal of thought, opinion and analysis, The Crisis continues to explore past and present issues concerning race and its impact on educational, economic, political, social, moral, and ethical issues. New York: NAACP, March, 1960. After early worries about its constitutionality, the NAACP strongly supported the federal Dyer Bill, which would have punished those who participated in or failed to prosecute lynch mobs. The NAACP has affirmed this connection to Abraham Lincoln throughout its history with annual Lincoln Day celebrations, related events, and programs which evoke Lincoln’s basic ideas of freedom and human brotherhood. In the aftermath of the trial, growing public demand for federal protection of civil rights led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. The NAACP-led Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, a coalition of civil rights organizations, spearheaded the drive to win passage of the major civil rights legislation of the era: the Civil Rights Act of 1957; the Civil Rights Act of 1964; the Voting Rights Act of 1965; and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. In 1977, Wilkins retired and was replaced by Benjamin L. Hooks – the first leader of the NAACP to be titled “executive director” instead of “executive secretary.” During his fifteen year term, Dr. Hooks implemented many NAACP programs that continue today, such as Women in the NAACP and NAACP ACT-SO (Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics) competitions. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (125.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # na0125p1], Bookmark this item: //www.loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/the-civil-rights-era.html#obj24. The mission of the NAACP is to secure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights in order to eliminate race-based discrimination and ensure the health and well-being of all persons. Further probing revealed that Haynsworth had ruled in several cases in which he had a financial interest. Founded in 1909 in response to the ongoing violence against Black people around the country, the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) is the largest and most pre-eminent civil rights organization in the nation. https://t.co/Ob3JD2UO0r, Thank you @CoryBooker. What’s in it: Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, 1964. Page 2. The following year, the NAACP joined the Council of Federated Organizations to launch Mississippi Freedom Summer, a massive project that assembled hundreds of volunteers to participate in voter registration and education. The NAACP provided attorneys and raised money for fines or bail bonds. Mrs. Rosa Parks being fingerprinted in Montgomery, Alabama, 1956. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (118.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP The march program called for the ten cochairs to lead the procession from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial for a mass rally. When Alabama banned the NAACP in 1956, Hurley moved to Atlanta. Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Chairman Roy Wilkins to United States Senators concerning the Civil Rights Act of 1968, January 15, 1968. The fight against the confirmation was similar to the one waged against Judge John Parker in 1930. Baker traveled throughout the South, recruiting new members and registering voters. New York World-Telegram and Sun Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (109.00.00) “As leaders of civil rights organizations, we are keenly aware of the critical role that the Supreme Court has played in protecting the civil rights of racial minorities. [Digital ID # na0127], Bookmark this item: //www.loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/the-civil-rights-era.html#obj29. Donate We couldn’t agree more. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (126.00.00) Courtesy of Walter F. Mondale  For his pivotal role in the bill’s passage, Clarence Mitchell received the Spingarn Medal. It also helped to establish the Montgomery Improvement Association led by a then-unknown young minister from Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Martin Luther King, Jr. The Civil Rights Act of 1964. Founded February 12, 1909, the NAACP is the nation’s foremost, largest, and most widely recognized civil rights organization. Marguerite Belafonte and little boy holding NAACP Freedom Fund balloons, between 1950 and 1960. He shared lobbying duties and worked with congressional staff in drafting civil rights bills. ###. [Digital ID # na0125_01], Bookmark this item: //www.loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/the-civil-rights-era.html#obj25. Baltimore native Clarence Mitchell (1911–1984) attended Lincoln University and the University of Maryland Law School. In doing so, the board changed the name of the leadership position once more and eliminated the elected office of president. Du Bois founded The Crisis magazine in 1910 as the premier crusading voice for civil rights. As SCLC executive director, she organized the 1960 conference that created the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (120.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP The National Urban League spearheads the efforts of its 90 local affiliates through the development of programs, public policy research and advocacy, providing direct services that impact and improve the lives of more than 2 million people annually nationwide. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (124.01.00) Courtesy of the NAACP Photograph. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (111.00.00) Mass Meeting Protesting Emmett Till Lynching and Trial [in Mississippi] 8:00 P.M., Friday, October 21, 1955 at Community A.M.E. Church. Page 2 - Page 3 - Page 4 - Page 5. Poster. To meet the annual one million dollar fundraising goal, she traveled nationwide presenting her benefit fashion show, “Fashions for Freedom.” In September 1960 she joined the NAACP staff as special projects director. Typed letter. The Court has affirmed countless hard-won civil rights protections, barring racial segregation in schools, upholding laws against housing and employment discrimination, affirming the right to marriage equality, and reaffirming the constitutionality of affirmative action. The NAACP held the 60th annual convention in Jackson, Mississippi, a first for Mississippi—a battleground of the civil rights movement. Daisy Bates to NAACP Executive Secretary Roy Wilkins on the treatment of the Little Rock Nine, December 17, 1957. Photograph. As a climax, Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech. Flyer. From 1934 to 1949, Wilkins served concurrently as editor of The Crisis. NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (107.02.00) Courtesy of the NAACP Page 2. On August 28, 1963, a diverse crowd of more than 250,000 people assembled at the Lincoln Memorial in a peaceful demonstration to draw attention to employment discrimination and a pending civil rights bill. Rosa Parks’s arrest record, December 5, 1955. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 provided direct federal enforcement to remove literacy tests and other devices that had been used to disenfranchise African Americans.