The major geographical feature of the Sumatra map is the Barisan Mountains, which run parallel to the spine of the island from northwest to southeast.

Within Malayo-Polynesian, they are divided into several sub-branches: Chamic (which are represented by Acehnese in which its closest relatives are languages spoken by Ethnic Chams in Cambodia and Vietnam), Malayic (Malay, Minangkabau and other closely related languages), Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands (Batak languages, Gayo and others), Lampungic (includes Proper Lampung and Komering) and Bornean (represented by Rejang in which its closest linguistic relatives are Bukar Sadong and Land Dayak spoken in West Kalimantan and Sarawak (Malaysia)). [30] Padang-Solok-Bukittinggi in West Sumatra, and Bandar Lampung-Palembang-Lahat-Lubuk Linggau in Southern Sumatra. The Bukit Barisan mountains, which contain several active volcanoes, form the backbone of the island, while the northeastern area contains large plains and lowlands with swamps, mangrove forest and complex river systems. Sumatra supports a wide range of vegetation types which are home to a rich variety of species, including 17 endemic genera of plants. The Great Sumatran fault (a strike-slip fault), and the Sunda megathrust (a subduction zone), run the entire length of the island along its west coast.

[10], The Melayu Kingdom was absorbed by Srivijaya.[11]:79–80. [12] By the late 13th century, the monarch of the Samudra kingdom had converted to Islam.
Subsequent European writers then used similar forms of the name for the entire island. Aceh, in the north, was the major obstacle, as the Dutch were involved in the long and costly Aceh War (1873–1903).

It has more ineresting areas such as road side shops, motels, bus station etc. Map of Sumatra and travel information about Sumatra brought to you by Lonely Planet. There are nine endemic mammal species on mainland Sumatra and 14 more endemic to the nearby Mentawai Islands. [14] Security crackdowns in 2001 and 2002 resulted in several thousand civilian deaths.[15]. Bags feeling light?Coffee table looking bare?Get your guidebooks, travel goods, even individual chapters, right here. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km (182,812 mi. Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. Indonesia, with over 18,000 counted islands, is by far the largest and most varied archipelago on Earth. Small-holders grow Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) in the highlands, while Robusta (Coffea canephora) is found in the lowlands. ), not including adjacent islands such as the Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai, Enggano, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung and Krakatoa archipelago.

The island of Sumatra lies between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, bounded by several smaller and mid-sized islands. Sultan Alauddin Shah of Aceh, in letters addressed to Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1602, referred to himself as "king of Aceh and Samudra". Several unconnected railway networks built during Netherlands East Indies exist in Sumatra, such as the ones connecting Banda Aceh-Lhokseumawe-Besitang-Medan-Tebingtinggi-Pematang Siantar-Rantau Prapat in Northern Sumatra (the Banda Aceh-Besitang section was closed in 1971, but is currently being rebuilt). Sumatra is not particularly densely populated, with 123.46 people per km2 – about 58.5 million people in total (in mid 2019). [2] The first mention of the name of Sumatra was in the name of Srivijayan Haji (king) Sumatrabhumi ("King of the land of Sumatra"),[3] who sent an envoy to China in 1017.

West of the island is the Indian Ocean. It includes country boundaries, major cities, major mountains in shaded relief, ocean depth in blue color gradient, along with many other features. The island is home to 201 mammal species and 580 bird species, such as the Sumatran ground cuckoo. I want emails from Lonely Planet with travel and product information, promotions, advertisements, third-party offers, and surveys. [13] Samudra was succeeded by the powerful Aceh Sultanate, which survived to the 20th century. [28] (See also: List of amphibians of Sumatra), The Sumatran tiger, Sumatran rhinoceros, Sumatran elephant, Sumatran ground cuckoo, and Sumatran orangutan are all critically endangered, indicating the highest level of threat to their survival. At its widest point, the island spans 435 km (270 mi). The largest cities on the island are Medan (fourth largest in the country, with over 2 million population), Palembang (capital of the  province of South Sumatra), Pekanbaru, Bandar Lampung and Padang, which together with the others make Sumatra the fourth most populous island in the world with around 50 million inhabitants. Sumatra has a wide range of plant and animal species but has lost almost 50% of its tropical rainforest in the last 35 years. [25] Medan is also the most visited and developed cities in Sumatra. Island Name Sumatra; Continent: Asia, Oceania: Country: Indonesia: Capital and largest city : Area: 473,481 km2 (182,812 sq mi) Population : Lat Long: 00°N 102°E Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands and Lampungic branches are endemic to the island. Simeulue, Nias and Siberut are the most notable ones on the southern coast, and Bangka Island on the northern coast. "Singapore Chokes on Haze as Sumatran Forest Fires Rage", "Aceh Under Martial Law: Inside the Secret War: Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Violations", "Penduduk Indonesia menurut Provinsi 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 dan 2010", "Daerah Produsen Kopi Arabika di Indonesia", "Forest, Wildlife Protection Pledged at World Conservation Congress", "People, Palm Oil, Pulp and Planet: Four Perspectives on Indonesia's Fire-stricken Peatlands", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumatra&oldid=980699023, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 September 2020, at 22:55. The northern tip of Sumatra borders the Andaman Islands, while off the southeastern coast lie the islands of Bangka and Belitung, Karimata Strait and the Java Sea. Contact Us. Click on above map to view higher resolution image.

[clarification needed] Many species are now critically endangered, such as the Sumatran ground cuckoo, the Sumatran tiger, the Sumatran elephant, the Sumatran rhinoceros, and the Sumatran orangutan.
To the southeast is Java, separated by the Sunda Strait.

[5], Late in the 14th century the name Sumatra became popular in reference to the kingdom of Samudra Pasai, a rising power until replaced by the Sultanate of Aceh. The island of Sumatra lies between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, bounded by several smaller and mid-sized islands. At the same time, Islam made its way to Sumatra through Arabs and Indian traders in the 6th and 7th centuries AD. Sumatra is the closest Indonesian island to mainland Asia. Simeulue, Nias and Siberut are the most notable ones on the southern coast, and Bangka Island on the northern coast. The equator crosses the island at its centre in West Sumatra and Riau provinces. [7] Marco Polo named the kingdom Samara or Samarcha in the late 13th century, while the 14th century traveller Odoric of Pordenone used Sumoltra for Samudra. The Indian Ocean borders the west, northwest, and southwest coasts of Sumatra, with the island chain of Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai, and Enggano off the western coast. Follow the instruction below to download and install. Discover sights, restaurants, entertainment and hotels.

The island is also known by other names namely, Andalas[4] or Percha Island. To the east is Borneo, across the Karimata Strait.

[21], Sumatra (including its adjacent islands) were one province between 1945 and 1948. Learn how to create your own. To the north is the Malay Peninsula (located on the Asian mainland), separated by the Strait of Malacca. Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. Sumatra is the largest producer of Indonesian coffee. It now covers ten of Indonesia's 34 provinces, which are set out below with their areas and populations.[22]. Sumatra is an elongated landmass spanning a diagonal northwest-southeast axis. The island is separated by the Strait of Malacca from the Asian mainland and the Malay Peninsula, and by the Sunda Strait from the Island of Java. The climate of the island is tropical, hot, and humid. The longest axis of the island runs approximately 1,790 km (1,110 mi) northwest–southeast, crossing the equator near the centre. Nguyen, T. T. T., and S. S. De Silva (2006).

[6] The word itself is from Sanskrit "Samudra", (समुद्र), meaning "gathering together of waters, sea or ocean". In the northeast, the narrow Strait of Malacca separates the island from the Malay Peninsula, which is an extension of the Eurasian continent. Wild and rugged, it has a great natural wealth. The Berbak National Park is one of three national parks in Indonesia listed as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. Although Sumatra has its own local lingua franca, variants of Malay like Medan Malay and Palembang Malay[19] are popular in North and South Sumatra, especially in urban areas. Other recent earthquakes to strike Sumatra include the 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake and the 2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami. Even if mostly unsuitable for farming, the area is currently of great economic importance for Indonesia. It produces oil from both above and below the soil – palm oil and petroleum. This map was created by a user. © In October 2008, the Indonesian government announced a plan to protect Sumatra's remaining forests.[29].

It spans almost 2 million square kilometers between Asia and Australia.With a population of 248,216,193, Indonesia shares land borders with 3 countries: Malaysia, Timor-Leste and Papa New Guinea.

[8][9], European writers in the 19th century found that the indigenous inhabitants did not have a name for the island. The highest summit is Mount Kerinci reaching approximately 3800 meters. Deforestation on the island has also resulted in serious seasonal smoke haze over neighbouring countries, such as the 2013 Southeast Asian haze which caused considerable tensions between Indonesia and affected countries Malaysia and Singapore. Lush tropical rain forest once dominated the landscape.

[26] Unique species include the Sumatran pine which dominates the Sumatran tropical pine forests of the higher mountainsides in the north of the island and rainforest plants such as Rafflesia arnoldii (the world's largest individual flower), and the titan arum (the world's largest unbranched inflorescence). Island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands, Location of Sumatra in Indonesia Archipelago. Map Sumatra for ETS2 v 1.30 and 1.31, this is one of the best right hand driver map mods available for download. I can unsubscribe any time using the unsubscribe link at the end of all emails.

It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent islands such as the Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai, Enggano, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung and Krakatoa archipelago. Description: This map shows where Sumatra is located on the World Map. [1], Sumatra was known in ancient times by the Sanskrit names of Suwarnadwīpa ("Island of Gold") and Suwarnabhūmi ("Land of Gold"), because of the gold deposits in the island's highlands. Marco Polo visited the island in 1292. Srivijayan influence waned in the 11th century after it was defeated by the Chola Empire of southern India. This was the longest earthquake recorded, lasting between 500 and 600 seconds. Arab geographers referred to the island as Lamri (Lamuri, Lambri or Ramni) in the tenth through thirteenth centuries, in reference to a kingdom near modern-day Banda Aceh which was the first landfall for traders. About   [23] More than 170,000 Indonesians were killed, primarily in Aceh. Ibn Battuta visited with the sultan for 15 days, noting the city of Samudra was "a fine, big city with wooden walls and towers", and another two months on his return journey.